Gasket and mandrel assembly for pipe joints

ABSTRACT

A gasket and mandrel assembly, including a gasket having an annular main body portion with an anchor flange and a pipe sealing portion. The gasket is foldable between a folded position in which the pipe sealing portion is disposed substantially within the main body portion and an unfolded position in which the pipe sealing portion extends outwardly of the main body portion along its longitudinal axis. A pair of mandrels are respectively fitted on opposite sides of the folded gasket to enclose most of the gasket for casting the gasket within a wall in a concrete structure. At least one of the mandrels includes an annular outer surface aligned parallel or substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the gasket. Removal of the mandrels results in the cast opening in the concrete structure having a circular inner surface which is disposed parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the gasket and the resulting opening such that, if the gasket should fail, the gasket may be removed from the opening and an expansion-type gasket may be sealingly compressed against the opening surface with an expansion band assembly.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/887,427, entitled GASKET AND MANDREL ASSEMBLY FOR PIPE JOINTS, filed on Jul. 8, 2004.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a gasket and mandrel assembly, including a flexible gasket and a pair of mandrels, for use in casting the gasket in place within the wall of a concrete structure, wherein the gasket provides a sealed joint between the concrete structure and a pipe.

2. Description of the Related Art

In general, pipe joint gaskets or seals are well known in the art for sealing a pipe joint connection between a pipe and a structure to which the pipe is connected. In one particular application, for example, a pipe joint is formed between a sewer pipe and a concrete manhole riser, in which a sewer pipe is inserted through a gasket which is embedded within the concrete wall of the manhole riser. In other applications, pipe joints may be provided to connect pipes to septic tanks, for example, or may be provided in any other structures to which pipes are connected.

One known type of pipe joint connection between a concrete structure and a pipe is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Referring to FIG. 1, an annular cast-in gasket 10 is shown, which is cast within the wall of a concrete structure 12. Concrete structure 12 typically includes a curved wall 14 having an opening 16 which is formed within wall 14 when gasket 10 is cast in place within wall 14. Gasket 10 generally includes an anchoring portion 18 extending radially outwardly thereof for embedment within the concrete of structure 12, and a compressible sealing portion 20 extending radially inwardly thereof to sealingly engage the outer surface of a pipe 22 inserted through gasket 10, as shown in FIG. 2, to provide a fluid tight seal between pipe 22 and wall 14 of concrete structure 12.

Gasket 10 is cast within concrete structure 12 using a pair of mandrels, including conically-shaped front and rear mandrels 24 and 26, respectively. Front and rear mandrels 24 and 26 are each generally annular in shape, and include outer walls 28 and 30, respectively, which are disposed at an angle which is inclined at least 10° with respect to the common longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ of gasket 10 and the resulting opening 16 which is formed in concrete structure 12. In particular, it is desirable that outer walls 28 and 30 of mandrels 24 and 26 are inclined at an angle of at least 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ in order to facilitate the easy removal of mandrels 24 and 26 in opposite directions along longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ from opening 16 in the concrete structure 12 after the cast concrete has cured.

After mandrels 24 and 26 are removed, gasket 10 is anchored in place by the embedment of anchor portion 18 of gasket 10 within the cured concrete of structure 12. It is also desirable for the inner surfaces of opening 16, which are formed by outer walls 28 and 30 of mandrels 24 and 26, to be angled at least 10° with respect to the longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ in order to accommodate tilting movement of pipe 22 in which pipe 22 becomes misaligned with longitudinal axis L₁-L₁. Other similar gaskets which are cast in place in a similar manner to the foregoing gasket 10, using similar mandrels, may include a pipe sealing portion which extends along the longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ of the gasket, with the pipe sealing portion externally clamped to the outer surface of a pipe using a clamping band to provide a fluid tight seal between the gasket and the pipe.

Although the foregoing types of gaskets and mandrels have been effective for forming concrete structures with cast-in gaskets for providing sealed joints between the concrete structures and pipes, a problem with the gaskets and mandrels is that it is possible to cast the gaskets incorrectly within the concrete structures when the structures are initially formed, such as, for example, positioning the gasket incorrectly during casting of the structure. Failure of the gasket in the field after a pipe is connected to the gasket is also possible. In each of these circumstances, repairing or replacing the gasket is often difficult, if not impossible, without re-casting a portion of the concrete structure or replacing the entire concrete structure.

What is needed is a gasket and mandrel assembly for pipe joints which is an improvement over the foregoing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a gasket and mandrel assembly, including a gasket having an annular main body portion with an anchor flange and a pipe sealing portion. The gasket is foldable between a folded position in which the pipe sealing portion is disposed substantially within the main body portion and an unfolded position in which the pipe sealing portion extends outwardly of the main body portion along its longitudinal axis. A pair of mandrels are respectively fitted on opposite sides of the folded gasket to enclose most of the gasket for casting the gasket within a wall in a concrete structure. At least one of the mandrels includes an annular outer surface aligned parallel or substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the gasket. Removal of the mandrels results in the cast opening in the concrete structure having a circular inner surface which is disposed parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the gasket and the resulting opening such that, if the gasket should fail, the gasket may be removed from the opening and an expansion-type gasket may be sealingly compressed against the opening surface with an expansion band assembly.

In one embodiment, the first mandrel defines a longitudinal axis and is made of a relatively rigid material, and includes a first face disposed substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis and having a convex profile, a cavity, and at least one annular outer surface disposed at an angle between 0.5° and 7° with respect to longitudinal axis. A second mandrel is made of a relatively resilient material, and includes a second face disposed transverse to the longitudinal axis and having a concave profile. In use, the first and second mandrels are cooperable with one another to substantially enclose a folded gasket therebetween, with the anchoring flange of the gasket remaining external of the mandrels for embedment within a cast, curved wall. The relatively resilient material of the second mandrel allows the second mandrel to be easily pulled away or separated from the first mandrel and the surrounding concrete after the wall is cast, and the annular outer wall of the first mandrel provides an inner annular wall within the resulting opening in the concrete structure to which an expansion-type gasket may be installed should the original, cast-in gasket fail.

Advantageously, should the first cast-in gasket fail, the gasket may be removed and a second, expansion-type gasket may be installed within the opening of the concrete structure without requiring repair or replacement of the concrete structure itself.

In one form thereof, the present invention provides a gasket and mandrel assembly, including a gasket, including an annular main body portion; an anchor flange extending radially outwardly from the main body portion; a pipe sealing portion extending from the main body portion, the pipe sealing portion positionable in a folded condition in which the pipe sealing portion is disposed at least partially within the main body portion; and a mandrel assembly having a longitudinal axis, including a first mandrel including at least one annular outer surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 7° with respect to the longitudinal axis; and a second mandrel made at least in part of a resilient material, the first and second mandrels cooperable with one another to substantially enclose at least a portion of the gasket with the anchor flange of the gasket exposed externally of the mandrels.

In another form thereof, the present invention provides a mandrel assembly for use in casting a gasket within a wall of a structure, including a first mandrel having a longitudinal axis, a first face disposed substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis, and at least one annular outer surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 7° with respect to the longitudinal axis; and a second mandrel formed at least in part of a resilient material and having a second face disposed substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis.

In a further form thereof, the present invention provides a method of forming and maintaining a concrete structure, including the steps of casting a first annular gasket within a wall of the structure using at least one mandrel, the gasket including an anchor flange embedded within the wall, the mandrel having at least one annular outer surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 7° with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mandrel, whereby the mandrel forms an annular opening within the wall having at least one annular inner surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 7° with respect to the longitudinal axis; removing at least a portion of the first gasket from the wall; and installing a second gasket within the opening in the wall using an expansion band to sealingly compress at least a portion of the second gasket to the annular inner surface of the opening.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention itself will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a known gasket and mandrel assembly, showing the use of a pair of mandrels to cast the gasket within a wall of a concrete structure;

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the gasket of FIG. 1 cast within the concrete structure, with the mandrels removed and a pipe installed through the gasket;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a gasket according to the present invention, the gasket shown in an unfolded position;

FIG. 4 is an exploded, horizontal sectional view showing the gasket of FIG. 3 in a folded position, together with a pair of mandrels for use in casting the gasket within a wall of a concrete structure in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view through a concrete structure, showing the gasket and mandrels of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view through the concrete structure of FIG. 5, illustrating the removal of the mandrels after curing of the concrete;

FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view through the concrete structure of FIG. 6, showing the gasket disposed in an unfolded position with the pipe sealing portion of the gasket sealingly connected to a pipe with a clamping band;

FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of the gasket and the concrete structure of FIGS. 6 and 7, showing the removal of the gasket from the opening in the concrete structure by cutting the gasket in the upper portion of FIG. 8, or alternatively, by pulling the anchor flange of the gasket outwardly of the concrete structure, as shown in the lower portion of FIG. 8;

FIG. 9 is a horizontal sectional view through the concrete structure of FIG. 8 with the first gasket of FIGS. 3-8 removed therefrom, and showing a second, expansion-type gasket installed within the opening of the structure with an expansion band, the gasket sealingly connected to a pipe with a clamping band; and

FIG. 10 is a first perspective exploded view of first and second mandrels of a mandrel assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a second perspective exploded view of the first and second mandrels of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view through a cast wall of a concrete structure, showing the first and second mandrels cooperating with one another to substantially enclose a folded gasket therebetween;

FIG. 13 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the first and second mandrels, showing an annular lip of the first mandrel cooperating with an annular recess in the second mandrel;

FIG. 14 is a partially sectioned view of the wall of FIG. 12, illustrating the removal of the first and second mandrels after the wall has been cast;

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a mandrel assembly according to a further embodiment; and

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of a mandrel assembly according to a still further embodiment.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplification set out herein illustrates one preferred embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a gasket and mandrel assembly 32 in accordance with the present invention is shown, including a cast-in type gasket 34, shown in FIG. 3, which may be cast in place within the wall of a concrete structure using mandrels 36 and 38, shown in FIG. 4. Gasket 34 may be made from a suitable flexible elastomeric material, such as rubber or neoprene, for example, and generally includes an annular main body portion 40, an annular intermediate portion 42, and an annular pipe sealing portion 44.

Main body portion 40 of gasket 34 includes anchor flange 46 extending radially outwardly therefrom, with anchor flange 46 including an enlarged anchoring end 48 and a pair of undercuts 50 disposed on opposite sides of anchor flange 46 proximate main body portion 40 for the purpose described below. Intermediate portion 42 is connected to main body portion 40 by a first annular hinge section 52, which may be formed as a groove or weakening in gasket 34, and intermediate portion 42 is connected to pipe sealing portion 44 by a second annular hinge section 54, which also may be formed as a groove or weakening in gasket 34. Pipe sealing portion 44 includes at least one clamping band seat 56 for receipt of a clamping band as described below to sealingly connect pipe sealing portion 44 of gasket 34 to the outer surface of a pipe, and the inner surface of pipe sealing portion 44 includes a plurality of compressible sealing ridges 58 which are compressible against the outer surface of a pipe.

In FIG. 3, gasket 34 is shown in an unfolded or extended position in which intermediate portion 42 and pipe sealing portion 44 are extended outwardly of main body portion 40 along longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ of gasket 34, with intermediate portion 42 disposed at a sloped angle with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ of gasket 34 and pipe sealing portion 44 disposed generally radially inwardly of main body portion 40. In FIG. 4, gasket 34 is shown in a folded position in which intermediate portion 42 is folded about hinge section 52 radially inwardly of main body portion 40, and pipe sealing portion 44 is folded about second hinge section 54 radially inwardly of intermediate portion 42.

A pair of annular mandrels 36 and 38, including first or outer mandrel 36 and second or inner mandrel 38, are used to cast gasket 34 within the wall of a concrete structure in the manner described below. Mandrels 36 and 38 may be formed of metal or of a rigid plastic material, for example. Outer mandrel 36 generally includes a body including annular outer wall 60 with outer surface 62, and annular inner wall 64 disposed radially inwardly of outer wall 60 and including an inner surface 66 defining a central opening through mandrel 36. Front wall 68 connects outer wall 60 and inner wall 64, is annular in shape, and has a convex profile, as shown in FIG. 4. Outer mandrel 36 additionally includes an annular cavity 70 defined between outer wall 60, inner wall 64, and front wall 68 which opens toward the rear side of mandrel 36 opposite front wall 60.

Inner mandrel 38 generally includes a body including annular outer wall 72 with outer surface 74, and annular inner wall 76 disposed radially inwardly of outer wall 72 and including an inner surface 78 defining a central opening through mandrel 38. Rear wall 80 connects outer wall 72 and inner wall 76, is annular in shape, and has a concave profile, as shown in FIG. 4. Inner mandrel 38 additionally includes an annular cavity 82 defined between outer wall 72, inner wall 76, and rear wall 80 which opens toward the front side of mandrel 38 opposite rear wall 80.

As shown in FIG. 4, gasket 34 and mandrels 36 and 38 have a common longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ and, as described further below, outer surfaces 62 and 74 of mandrels 36 and 38 are aligned parallel to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, or are aligned substantially parallel to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ whereby outer surfaces 62 and 74 are angled slightly with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁.

When gasket 34 is in its folded position as shown in FIG. 4, main body portion 40, intermediate portion 42, and sealing portion 44 of gasket 34 may be enclosed within cavities 70 and 82 of mandrels 36 and 38, respectively, as shown in FIG. 5. Specifically, the folded gasket 34 is placed within cavities 70 and 82 of mandrels 36 and 38, and mandrels 36 and 38 are moved toward one another until inner walls 64 and 76 thereof contact one another as shown in FIG. 5. In this position, main body portion 40, intermediate portion 42, and pipe sealing portion 44 of gasket 34 are completely enclosed or encapsulated within cavities 70 and 82 of mandrels 36 and 38 to prevent liquid concrete from contacting the foregoing portions of gasket 34 during casting of gasket 34 within a concrete structure. Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the inner edges of outer walls 60 and 72 of mandrels 36 and 38 are received within undercuts 52 in anchor flange 46 of gasket 34 to provide an interlock between mandrels 36 and 38 and anchor flange 46 which further prevents liquid concrete from contacting main body portion 40, intermediate portion 42, and pipe sealing portion 44 of gasket 34. With the foregoing interlocking arrangement between the inner edges of outer walls 60 and 72 of mandrels 36 and 38 and undercuts 52 in anchor flange 46, at least some of main body portion 40, intermediate portion 42, and pipe sealing portion 44 of gasket 34 need not be enclosed within cavities 70 of mandrels 36 and 38 to prevent same from being contacted by liquid concrete during casting. Anchor flange 46 of gasket 34 is exposed externally of mandrels 36 and 38 for embedment within the cast concrete.

As shown in FIG. 5, outer surfaces 62 and 74 of outer walls 60 and 72 of mandrels 36 and 38, respectively, are disposed parallel to the common longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ of gasket 34 and mandrels 36 and 38, or at a slight angle with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁. Specifically, outer surfaces 62 and 74 of first and second mandrels 36 and 38 are disposed co-linear with a line L₂-L₂ parallel with longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, or alternatively, are disposed at angles A₁ and A₂, respectively, with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁. Angles A₁ and A₂ may be small as 0.5°, more preferably 1.2°, most preferably 1.5°, from line L₂-L₂, or angles A₁ and A₂ may be as great as 7°, more preferably 4°, most preferably 2°, from line L₂-L₂. The inner surfaces 66 and 78 of inner walls 64 and 76 of mandrels 36 and 38. respectively, may or may not be aligned parallel with longitudinal axis L₁-L₁.

When gasket 34 is enclosed within mandrels 36 and 38 as shown in FIG. 5, the gasket and mandrel assembly 32 may be secured in a suitable manner between a pair of curved outer and inner form walls (not shown). The curved form walls fit against the convex front wall 68 of mandrel 36 and against the convex rear wall 80 of mandrel 38 in a concrete-tight manner. Thereafter, liquid concrete is poured between the form walls around gasket and mandrel assembly 32. As shown in FIG. 5, after the concrete cures, anchor flange 46 of gasket 34 is embedded within the cured concrete to anchor gasket 34 within the resulting opening 84 of the curved wall 86 of the concrete structure which is formed by the cured concrete.

Referring to FIG. 6, after the concrete cures and the form walls are removed, mandrels 36 and 38 may be removed from the opening 84 formed within wall 86 of the concrete structure by pulling mandrels outwardly from opening 84 in opposite directions along longitudinal axis L₁-L₁. Notably, a very slightly angled orientation between outer surfaces 62 and 74 of mandrels 36 and 38 with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ as discussed above facilitates the easy removal of mandrels 36 and 38 from opening 84 to reveal first and second circular inner surfaces 88 and 90 of opening 84 which are disposed on respective opposite sides of anchor flange 46 of gasket 34. First and second circular inner surfaces 88 and 90 of opening 84 are formed by outer surfaces 62 and 74 of mandrels 36 and 38, and are therefore disposed either parallel to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, or at the same angles A₁ and A₂ with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ as are outer surfaces 62 and 74 of mandrels 36 and 38. If an outer surface 62 or 74 of mandrel 36 or 38 is disposed parallel with longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, it may be advantageous to form the annular body of the mandrel with a removable section or wedge which, when inserted into a gap in the annular body of the mandrel, forces the annular body of the mandrel into a circular shape for casting. After the concrete cures following casting, the removable section or wedge may be removed, allowing the annular body of the mandrel to slightly collapse radially inwardly in order to facilitate removal of the mandrel from the opening in the concrete wall.

Referring to FIG. 7, after removal of mandrels 36 and 38, gasket 34 may be unfolded to its unfolded or extended position, and a pipe 92 may be inserted through gasket 34. Thereafter, a clamping band 94 is positioned within clamping band seat 56 of pipe sealing portion 44 of gasket 34, and is then radially tightened to sealingly compress sealing portion 44 and sealing ridges 58 of gasket 34 into fluid tight engagement with outer surface 96 of pipe 92, thereby providing a fluid tight seal between pipe 92 and wall 86 of the concrete structure.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 7, a first annular space or gap 98 is formed between gasket 34 and pipe 92, and a second annular space or gap 100 is formed between gasket 34 and opening 84 in wall 86. These gaps 98 and 100 provide take-up spaces which accommodate flexing of gasket 34 to in turn accommodate angular tilting movement of pipe 92 from longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ if pipe 92 should shift position with respect wall 86 of the concrete structure after installation. If pipe 92 moves in a tilting manner from longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, clamping band 94 maintains fluid tight engagement between pipe sealing portion 44 of gasket 34 and pipe 92.

If gasket 34 needs to be replaced due to failure of gasket 34 or any other reason, gasket 34 may be removed and replaced with an expansion-type gasket in the manner shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. Referring to FIG. 8, after clamping band 94 and pipe 92 have been removed from gasket 34, gasket 34 may be removed from opening 84 in wall 86 of the concrete structure by at least one of the following two methods. First, as shown in the upper portion of FIG. 8, a utility knife 102 or other suitable tool may be used to cut gasket 34 at the base of anchor flange 46 to thereby separate main body portion 40 and the remainder of gasket 34 from anchoring flange 34. Thereafter, gasket 34 is removed from opening 84 with anchor flange 46 remaining embedded within wall 86 of the concrete structure. Alternatively, as shown in the lower portion of FIG. 8, when gasket 34 is formed of a material which is flexible enough to allow sufficient deformation of anchor flange 46, anchor flange 46 of gasket 34 may be pulled outwardly of wall 86 of the concrete structure.

After removal of gasket 34, a second, expansion-type gasket 104 may be installed within opening 84 of the concrete structure as follows. Gasket 104 is generally similar to gasket 34 described above and may be made of the same material, and includes an annular outer or wall sealing portion 106 having an outer surface and an inner surface including expansion band seat 110. Gasket 104 additionally includes an annular inner or pipe sealing portion 112 which includes an outer surface having a clamping band seat 114 and an inner surface. An intermediate portion 118 connects portions 106 and 112 of gasket 104.

An annular expansion band assembly, including expansion band 120 and an expanding device (not shown) are used to seal portion 106 of gasket 104 to one of circular inner surfaces 88 or 90 of opening 84 within wall 86. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, portion 106 of gasket 104 is fitted within opening 84 adjacent first surface 88 of opening 84. Thereafter, an expansion band 120 is fitted within expansion band seat 110, and an expanding device (not shown) is used to expand expansion band 120 outwardly to sealingly compress portion 106 of gasket 104 into sealing engagement with inner surface 88 of opening 84. Suitable expansion bands and expanding devices are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,507,500, 5,732,955, and 5,954,354, as well as in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004/0080118, each assigned to the assignee of the present application, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. After gasket 104 has been installed within opening 84 in wall 86, a clamping band 94 may be used to sealingly compress portion 112 of gasket 104 into fluid tight sealing engagement with outer surface 96 of pipe 92, as shown in FIG. 9.

Advantageously, the angles A₁ and A₂ of circular surfaces 88 and 90 of opening 84, which are parallel to or only slightly angularly offset from longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ as described above, provide surfaces to which a portion of an expansion-type gasket may be sealingly compressed using an expansion band assembly as described above. By contrast, in the known arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the inner surfaces of opening 16 in wall 14 are angled from longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ to a further extent, such that an expansion-type gasket cannot be compressed against such surfaces. Therefore, as described above, the present gasket and mandrel assembly 32 facilitates the formation of circular surfaces 88 and 90 of opening 84 at the angles discussed above, such that if the cast-in gasket 34 should fail or otherwise need to be replaced in the field, gasket 34 may be removed from wall 86 of the concrete structure followed by installation of an expansion-type gasket 104 without necessitating repairs or re-casting of a portion or the entirety of the concrete structure.

Referring to FIGS. 10-14, mandrel assembly 130 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. Mandrel assembly 130 is similar to mandrel assembly 32 described above, and identical reference numerals will be used to indicate identical or substantially identical structures therebetween. In particular, mandrel assembly 130 of FIGS. 10-14 may be used with a cast-in type gasket 34 described above or with other similar gaskets to cast same within a wall of a structure. Referring to FIGS. 10-12, first mandrel 132 and second mandrel 134 are shown. First mandrel 132 is made at least in part of a relatively rigid material, for example a rigid plastic such as polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, and generally includes a mandrel body 136 having first face 138, annular outer surface 140, cavity 142, and inner section 144. First face 138 is oriented substantially transversely to a longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ of mandrel assembly 130 and first mandrel 132 and, similar to mandrel 36 described above, has a convex profile to enable mandrel assembly 130 to be used to cast a gasket into a curved wall of a structure. Referring to FIG. 12 and again, similarly to mandrel assembly 32 described above, annular outer surface 140 of first mandrel 132 is disposed at an angle A₁ with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ and a line L₂ parallel to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ which may be as small as 0.5°, 0.75°, 1°, 1.25°, 1.5°, 1.75°, or 2°, or may be as large as 7°, 6°, 5°, 4°, 3°, or 2.5°, for example. Cavity 142 of first mandrel 132 gasket is a substantially annular cavity which faces toward second mandrel 134 along longitudinal axis L₁-L₁.

Referring to FIG. 12, body 136 of first mandrel 132 may be formed of two separate components, including a first component 146 and second component 148 secured to one another via a plurality of bolts 150 inserted through bores 152 in first component 146 and threaded into threaded bores 154 of second component 148. Additionally, a thread spring 156 may be disposed within cavities defined within first and second components 146 and 148. Outer form wall W_(O) may be secured to first component 146 of first mandrel 132 via a bolt 158 passing through outer form wall W_(O) and a tapered passage 160 of first component 146 and threaded into thread spring 156.

Referring to FIGS. 10-12, second mandrel 134 may be made at least in part of a relatively resilient material, such as rubber or a flexible plastic, for example, and generally includes second face 162 aligned substantially transversely to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁ with second face 162 having a concave profile similar to that of mandrel 38 described above such that first and second mandrels 132 and 134 may be used to cast gasket 34 in a curved wall of structure. Second mandrel 134 additionally includes an annular outer surface 164 and an interior cavity 166 facing cavity 142 of first mandrel 132 along longitudinal axis L₁-L₁.

Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, body 136 of first mandrel 132 may include an annular lip 168 which fits within or otherwise engages an annular notch or groove 170 in second mandrel 134 to temporarily locate and retain second mandrel 134 with respect to first mandrel 132. Alternatively, first mandrel 132 may include an annular notch or groove and second mandrel 134 may include an annular lip.

Referring to FIG. 12, the folded gasket 34 is substantially enclosed between the cooperating cavities 142 and 166 of first mandrel 132 and second mandrel 134, respectively, in a manner similar to mandrel assembly 32 described above, with anchoring flange 46 of gasket 34 disposed exteriorly of mandrel assembly 130 for embedment within the cast concrete. Optionally, an annular flange 172 of first mandrel 132 may engage cutout 50 of gasket 34 to aid in locating gasket 34 with respect to first mandrel 132 and to prevent concrete from flowing interiorly into mandrel assembly 130 and contacting the interior portions of gasket 34. In one embodiment, body 136 of first mandrel 132 may be inserted through the folded gasket 34 such that the interior portions of gasket 34 are fitted within cavity 142 of first mandrel, followed by fitting second mandrel 132 over body 136 of first mandrel 132 and engaging lip 168 of first mandrel 132 with annular groove or notch 170 of second mandrel 134 as described above.

Thereafter, mandrel assembly 130 is attached to outer form wall W_(O) as described above. In one embodiment, outer form wall W_(O) is mounted via a hinge (not shown) such that outer form wall W_(O) and mandrel assembly 130 may together be pivoted upwardly to the vertical position shown in FIG. 12 to resiliently press second mandrel 134 sealingly against an interior form wall W₁. Thereafter, concrete is filled between the outer and inner form walls W_(O) and W₁ and cures to embed anchor flange 46 of gasket 34 within the cured concrete. Alternatively, the arrangement of first and second mandrels 132 and 134 may be reversed, wherein first mandrel 132 is secured to interior form wall W₁ and includes a concave face, and second mandrel is pressed against outer form wall W_(O) and includes a convex face, for example. Further, first and second mandrels 132 and 134 may have flat, planar faces for casting gaskets into flat, planar walls.

Referring to FIG. 14, after inner form wall W₁ is removed, second mandrel 134 may be removed from the cast concrete by bending, twisting, or pulling same outwardly from the formed opening 84 in the cured concrete, either by hand or with a suitable tool. Advantageously, the resilient material from which second mandrel 134 is made allows same to be easily deformed as necessary to facilitate removal from the cured concrete. Thereafter, first mandrel 132 may be slid outwardly from gasket 34, either along with outer form wall W₀ or after outer form wall W_(O) is disengaged from first mandrel 132. Typically, it is easier to remove second mandrel 134 prior to first mandrel 132, however, first mandrel 134 may optionally be removed prior to second mandrel 134 in the manner described above

In a manner similar to mandrel assembly 32 described above, outer annular surface 140 of first mandrel provides an annular inner surface 88 in opening 84 of the cast wall which is disposed at the same angle as outer annular surface 140 of first mandrel 132 with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, thereby enabling a cast-in type gasket, such as gasket 34 or a similar gasket, to be cast within the wall and wherein, should the cast-in gasket 34 fail, same may be removed from the wall and replaced with an expansion-type or press-in gasket 104 as described above and shown in FIGS. 7-9.

Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, mandrel assembly 180 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown which, as described below, may be configured for attachment to form walls W_(O) and W₁ (FIG. 12) via a bolt connection similar to mandrel assembly 130, or via a magnetic connection. Mandrel assembly 180 is similar to mandrel assemblies 32 and 130 described above, and identical reference numerals will be used to indicate identical or substantially identical structures therebetween. Mandrel assembly 180 generally includes first mandrel 182 and a second mandrel 134 identical to second mandrel 134 used with mandrel assembly 130 described above.

First mandrel 182 is formed of two components, including hollow main body portion 184 which may be formed of one or more sections molded of a suitable plastic, for example, and annular outer ring 186 including outer surface 140 identically configured to outer surface of mandrel assembly 140 discussed above. Main body portion 184 of first mandrel 182 generally includes a series of walls including rear wall 188, front wall 190, outer wall 192 defining an annular cavity 194 for receipt of folded gasket 34, and inner wall 196 defining a cylindrical interior cavity 198. Rear wall 188 includes an inwardly-stepped portion 200 and a flange 201 having a series of threaded holes 202 along an outer periphery thereof to which outer annular ring 186 is attached via a plurality of fasteners 204.

Advantageously, the hollow construction of main body portion 184 of mandrel assembly 180 reduces the cost of manufacture thereof, and also reduces the weight of mandrel assembly 180 as compared to mandrel assembly 130 described above. Additionally, main body portion 184 may be formed to any desired width to accommodate varying spaces between form walls used for casting the concrete structure, wherein the same outer annular ring 186 may be used with differently-sized main body portions 184 to reduce the total number of parts needed and thereby reduce the costs of constructing first mandrels 182 of varying widths. Further, the size, such as width and/or diameter, of either or both of second mandrel 134 and annular outer ring 186 may be varied to provide various sized openings in the structure while optionally using the same size first mandrel 182. Also, the mandrels of all of the mandrel assemblies disclosed herein may be shaped for use in casting straight walls in addition to casting curved walls.

Similar to second mandrel 134 of mandrel assembly 130, second mandrel 134 of mandrel assembly 180 is made of a resilient material which may be sized such that, when mandrel assembly 180 is disposed between a pair of form walls W_(O) and W₁ (FIG. 12) second mandrel 134 is resiliently compressed between the form walls W_(O) and W₁ to thereby provide an abutting seal against one of the form walls to prevent concrete from penetrating into the interior of mandrel assembly 180.

Main body portion 184 of mandrel assembly 180 may be configured for bolt or magnetic attachment to a form wall in the manner described below. For bolt attachment, as shown in FIG. 15, bolt plate 206 is secured to inwardly-stepped portion 200 of rear wall 188 of main body 184 via a plurality of threaded fasteners 208, and includes thread spring 156 to accommodate bolt 158 (FIG. 12) for connection to a form wall. Alternatively, or in addition to, thread spring 156, as shown in FIG. 16, mandrel assembly 180 may include magnet assembly 210 fitted within into the hollow inner space toward the front end of cylindrical interior cavity 198, which is magnetically secured to the surface of a metal form wall to position mandrel assembly 180 thereon.

In use, mandrel assembly 180 is used to cast an opening within a concrete structure in the same manner as described above with respect to mandrel assembly 130, and the outer annular surface 140 of outer annular ring 186 of mandrel assembly 180, again similar to mandrel assembly 130, provides an annular inner surface 88 of opening 84 of the cast wall which is disposed at the same angle of outer annular surface 140 of outer annular ring 186 with respect to longitudinal axis L₁-L₁, thereby enabling a cast-in type gasket, such as gasket 34 or a similar gasket, to be cast within the wall and wherein, should the cast-in gasket 34 fail, same may be removed from the wall and replaced with an expansion-type or press-in gasket 104 as described above and shown in FIGS. 7-9.

While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims. 

1. A method of forming and maintaining a concrete structure, comprising the steps of: casting a first annular gasket within a wall of the structure using at least one mandrel, the gasket including an anchor flange embedded within the wall, the mandrel having at least one annular outer surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 7° with respect to a longitudinal axis of the mandrel, whereby the mandrel forms an annular opening within the wall having at least one annular inner surface disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 7° with respect to the longitudinal axis; removing at least a portion of the first gasket from the wall; and installing a second gasket within the opening in the wall using an expansion band to sealingly compress at least a portion of the second gasket to the annular inner surface of the opening.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one annular outer surface of the mandrel and the at least one annular inner surface of the opening are disposed at an angle of between 0.5° and 4° with respect to the longitudinal axis.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one annular outer surface of the mandrel and the at least one annular surface of the opening are disposed at an angle of between 1.5° and 2.5° with respect to the longitudinal axis.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said removing step comprises cutting the first gasket away from its anchor flange, wherein the anchor flange remains embedded within the wall.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said removing step comprises pulling the anchor flange of the first gasket outwardly from the wall.
 6. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step, prior to said removing step, of installing a pipe through the opening in the wall in sealed relation with the first gasket.
 7. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step, after said installing step, of installing a pipe through the opening in the wall in sealed relation with the second gasket.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first annular gasket comprises: an annular main body portion from which the anchor flange extends; and a pipe sealing portion extending from the main body portion, the pipe sealing portion positionable in a folded condition in which the pipe sealing portion is disposed at least partially within the main body portion.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the mandrel is a first mandrel, and is formed at least in part of a rigid material and includes an annular cavity within which at least a portion of the gasket is receivable.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising a second mandrel cooperating with the first mandrel during said casting step.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the first mandrel includes an annular front face disposed generally transverse to the longitudinal axis, the front face having a convex profile, and the second mandrel includes an annular rear face disposed generally transverse to the longitudinal axis, the rear face having a concave profile.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein at least a portion of said second mandrel is formed of a resilient material.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the anchor flange comprises at least one undercut, at least a portion of the mandrel received within the undercut. 